Private Attorney General - Legal Basis & Educational Materials
Educational Resources and Research Documentation
Important Notice
Educational Purpose Only: The documents listed on this page are legal writings and research materials produced by the Private Attorney General (PAG). These materials are provided solely for educational purposes to advance understanding of human rights law, constitutional principles, and legal advocacy.
Independent Work: These documents do not represent the views, work, or official position of the Institute for Advancement of Justice (IAJ). The Private Attorney General operates independently and provides information, research, and legal findings that the IAJ considers as part of its broader mission to document and investigate human rights violations.
No Legal Advice: Nothing on this page constitutes legal advice. For legal advice regarding your specific situation, please consult with a licensed attorney.
About the Private Attorney General
Under U.S. constitutional law and common law tradition, individuals who qualify as Private Attorneys General may take action to prevent, prohibit, and abate violations of laws and human rights. These individuals must adhere to high ethical standards, uphold the U.S. Constitution and the jus cogens of customary international law, and act in the public interest.
The Private Attorney General referenced in these materials, Cyrus Hazari, has documented experience with judicial proceedings and has produced extensive legal research and writings addressing systemic human rights issues within the judicial system. His work is made available here for educational purposes to benefit researchers, advocates, and the public.
Demand
| Document Name | Purpose & Description | Educational Value | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEMAND ON THE CALIFORNIA SIXTH DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS, en banc | Letter to the judges of the California Sixth District Court of Appeals re systemic torture of disabled litigants | The document informs the judges of the appeal court, en banc, about their systemic torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment of disabled litigants and how the judicial conduct violates preeminent laws, and the consequences for the violations |
Disqualification
| Document Name | Purpose & Description | Educational Value | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|
| DISQUALIFICATION OF ALL JUDGES OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT | Third time in 2025 that the PAG filed disqualification against the judges of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, en banc | The document discusses applicable law and precedents when disqualification is brought against Article III judges, and includes discussion of international judicial ethics |
Injunction
| Document Name | Purpose & Description | Educational Value | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|
| INJUNCTION PROHIBITING ADJUDICATION BY ALL JUDGES OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT | Injunction to stop actual and imminent harm being caused by the judges of the federal Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, en banc | The document discusses applicable law and precedents when an injunction is the last resort to stop harm inflicted and promoted by Article III judges, and its necessity in the absence of equivalent domestic mechanisms required by human rights treaties and the pre-emptory norms of customary international law |
Letters
| Document Name | Purpose & Description | Educational Value | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|
| LETTER TO JUDICIAL CONFERENCE | Letter to the Judicial Conference of the United States identifying the need for the reform of the judicial process in the United States to integrally incorporate human rights | The Judicial conference of the United States is the national policy-making body for the federal courts. It was created to play a crucial role in ensuring the effective and efficient administration of justice in the U.S. federal court system. One of its key objectives is to modernize the judicial system, through its continuous review of rules and procedures and recommendations for legislation. It promotes uniformity and consistency by issuing guidance and recommendations to the various courts. And it maintains judicial integrity by overseeing matters of judicial conduct and disability. It also makes recommendations to the Supreme Court to promote simplicity, fairness, and efficiency. The Conference exercises authority under the Judicial Conduct and Disability Act to review orders issued by circuit judicial councils regarding judicial misconduct or disability. The Conference has various committees that focus on specific areas, such as rules of practice and procedure permitting indepth review of the matters that I bring to your immediate attention. | |
| LETTER TO CHIEF JUDGE 2nd CIRCUIT | LETTER TO THE CHIEF JUDGE OF THE FEDERAL FOURTH CIRCUIT COURTS | The PAG’s advisory letter to the Chief Judge of the federal Second Circuit regarding a pervasive systemic issue in American jurisprudence that compromises its judiciary and exposes the Circuit’s judges and litigants to harm. | |
| LETTER TO STATE DEPARTMENT | Letter to the State Department 2025-09-17: dialogue for correction of U.S. treaty compliance, coincident to the 83rd session of the CAT | Dialogue on UNCAT compliance by the United States of America and the establishment of the missing independent investigative mechanism of international law required for treaty compliance under the UNCAT and the Istanbul Protocol. | |
| LETTER TO U.S. SUPREME COURT | Letter to the United States Supreme Court regarding human rights in the judicial process and reform of jurisprudence, with particular attention to the establishment of the IAJ | The PAG reports the establishment of the IAJ: the missing independent investigative mechanism of international law and treaty compliance under the UNCAT and the Istanbul Protocol. The PAG gives notice to SCOTUS of the cases in its docket or pending docketing that are of interest to the IAJ, and to the PAG because of the question of violation of human rights within the judicial process. | |
| Letter to the clerk, California Sixth District Court of Appeals | Giving notice of the court's policy of human rights violation and demanding cessation | The document describes how the court's conduct affects every judge and the court under the lens of human rights scrutiny, and why the clerks must not blindly obey rules, procedures and norms required by their employer |
Motion to Reconsider
| Document Name | Purpose & Description | Educational Value | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|
| MOTION TO RECONSIDER (SET ASIDE DISMISSAL OF APPEAL) | A motion to set aside the order of dismissal of an appeal by discussing how the dismissal violates human rights | The document discusses applicable law and precedents and logic when an appeal is dismissed on grounds that violate human rights. The document incorporates other documents by the PAG, each of which discusses applicable law and precedents and logic addressing the violation of rights in the course of jurisprudence in its various phases. The documents are lengthy, and not optimized to conform with court procedural requirements, intending to chronicle the state of jurisprudence and to identify areas for reform. |
Motion to Toll procedural deadlines
| Document Name | Purpose & Description | Educational Value | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|
| TOLLING MOTION - BAP | A motion to stop court deadlines from causing prejudice to the case | The document incorporates discussion and precedents in human rights for the purpose of tolling rule-based, and procedure-based court deadlines. |
Using These Educational Materials
These documents are provided to:
- Advance public understanding of human rights law and constitutional principles
- Provide educational resources for researchers, law students, and advocates
- Document legal strategies and arguments related to systemic human rights issues
- Support academic research into judicial accountability and reform
- Promote transparency in legal advocacy for human rights
If you have questions about the content or use of these materials, please contact the IAJ through the Contact page.